say, tell, speak, talk의 차이점 (Differences between say, tell, speak, and talk)
Differences between say, tell, speak, and talk
In Korean
say, tell, speak, talk는 모두 '말하다'라는 뜻을 가지고 있습니다
하지만, 각각의 쓰임새와 의미가 조금씩 다릅니다
아래에 자세히 설명해드릴게요
*Say
-의미: ~라고 말하다 (특정한 말을 하다, 말한 내용을 전달하는 데 중점)
-목적어가 거의 안 따라옴 (있다면, 보통 'to + 사람' 형태로 따라옴)
He said to me that he was tired. (그가 나에게 피곤하다고 말했다.)
-인용문나 발언과 함께 자주 쓰임
She said, "Hello." (그녀가 "안녕하세요"라고 말했다.)
*Tell
-의미: ~에게 말하다 (누군가에게 어떤 메시지나 정보 전달하거나 지시 또는 요청할 때 사용)
-사람(대상)을 반드시 동반
She told me the story. (그녀가 나에게 그 이야기를 해줬다.)
-지시 또는 요청
He told her to be careful. (그가 그녀에게 조심하라고 말했다.)
*Speak
-의미: (공식적이거나 진지하게) 말하다, (특정 언어를) 구사하다
-상대적으로 격식을 차린 느낌 (주로 연설, 강연 등)
-혼자 말하는 행위에 초점을 두는 경우가 많음
He spoke about his experiences in the meeting. (그는 회의에서 자신의 경험에 대해 말했다.)
-사람을 목적어로 쓸 때는 'to + 사람' 형태
Can I speak to the manager? (매니저와 얘기할 수 있을까요?)
-특정 주제나 언어와 관련될 때 사용
She speaks three languages. (그녀는 3개 언어를 구사한다.)
*Talk
-의미: (가볍거나 비공식적으로) 대화를 나누다 (대화나 의견 교환에 초점)
-사람과 대화할 때는 "to" 또는 "with" 사용
I talked to her yesterday. (나는 어제 그녀와 이야기했다.)
They were talking with each other for hours. (그들은 서로 몇 시간 동안 이야기하고 있었다.)
-"about"을 사용해 대화 주제를 표시.
Let's talk about the project. (그 프로젝트에 대해 이야기해보자.)
*차이점 요약
Say | Tell | Speak | Talk | |
초점 | 말한 내용 | 정보를 전달한 대상 | 말하기 자체 또는 언어 | 대화나 의견 교환 |
대상 | 거의 없음 (to + 사람) | 반드시 사람 | 주로 없음 (to + 사람 가능) | to/with + 사람 |
격식 | 중간 | 중간~격식 | 격식적 | 비격식 |
예문 | She said, "I’m happy." | She told me she’s happy. | She speaks fluently. | Let’s talk about it. |
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In English
1. Say
-Meaning: To say something specific or convey words; focuses on what is said.
-Key Points:
Focuses on the content of what is said.
Rarely followed directly by a person; instead, use "to + someone".
Commonly used with direct or reported speech.
-Structure:
Say + (something) (+ to + someone)
-Examples:
She said, "Hello."
He said to me that he was tired.
What did she say to you?
2. Tell
-Meaning: To inform or instruct someone.
-Key Points:
Always involves a person as the object (someone who is being told).
Focuses on conveying information to someone.
-Structure:
Tell + someone + (something)
Tell + someone + to + verb (used for commands or requests)
-Examples:
She told me the story.
He told her to be careful.
Tell me the truth!
3. Speak
-Meaning: To talk in a formal or serious manner. / To use a specific language.
-Key Points:
Often emphasizes the act of speaking itself.
When referring to a person, use "to + someone".
Commonly used for topics or languages.
-Structure:
Speak + (to + someone) + (about + topic)
Speak + language
-Examples:
Can I speak to the manager?
She speaks three languages.
He spoke about his experiences in the meeting.
4. Talk
-Meaning: To have a light or informal conversation.
-Key Points:
Focuses on conversation or exchange of ideas.
Use "to" or "with" when referring to the person you are talking to.
Use "about" to indicate the topic.
-Structure:
Talk + to/with + someone (+ about + topic)
-Examples:
I talked to her yesterday.
Let’s talk about the project.
They were talking with each other for hours.
*Summary of Differences
Say | Tell | Speak | Talk | |
Focus | What is said | Information conveyed to someone | The act of speaking or the language | Exchange or conversation |
Object | Rarely a person (use "to") | Always a person | Often none (use "to" for people) | "to/with" a person |
Tone | Neutral | Neutral to formal | Formal | Informal |
Examples | She said, "I’m happy." | She told me she’s happy. | She speaks fluently. | Let’s talk about it. |